pronouns are attached to the end of the verb. REMEMBER UNDERLINED LETTERS NOT USUALLY WRITTEN
Here are a some examples:
| Subject | I know Ahmed | Ana oarf AHmd | أنا َ عا َر ِف أحمـَد |
| Subject, object | I know him | Ana oarfuh |
أنا َ عا َر ِفـُه |
| Object | Ahmed saw her yesterday | AHmd cafha EmbarH | أحمـَد شا َفها َ إمبا َر ِح |
| Object | Sarah knows him | sare oarfah | سا َر َة عا َر ِفـــَه |
| Object, Indirect | give it(m) to me! | ad-ihuli (pron id-) |
ا ِدّيــهولي |
MY, YOUR etc
possessive endings: my-i your-ak/ik(m/f) his-uh her-ha our-na your(pl)-ku their-hum
MALE NOUNS: my book – ktab-i
their house – bit-hum
FEMALE NOUNS: your ticket (f tazkre) – tazkretik if ticket of a woman, and tazkretak for a man
our bag (f cante) – cantetna
these same endings are also used for some verbs:
HAVE – I have- ondi you have- ondak/ik he- ondu she- ondaha we- ondina you(pl)- onduku they- onduhum
HAD – I had- kan ondi etc..
WILL HAVE – I will have- haikun ondi etc..
DIRECT OBJECT
| show me! | uarini | و َرّيــني | similar to endings: my –i |
| I saw you(m) | Ana cuftak | أنا َ شـُفتـــَك | your –ak(m) |
| I love you(f) | Ana bHibik | أنا َ بـَحـِبّـِــك | ik(f) |
| I know him | Ana oarifuh | أنا َ عا َر ِفـــُه | his –u |
| he envies her(f) | hua bihsad-ha (pron. biyi-) |
ـهاَ | her –ha |
| nobody helped us | mHadic saoidna | مـَحـَدّ ِش سا َعـِدناَ | our –na |
| you(pl) | –kum (possesive no m) | ـكـُم | your(pl) –ku (direct adds m) |
| I told them | Ana qultilhum | أنا َ قـُلتـِلــهـُم | their –hum |
INDIRECT OBJECT
| give it(f) to me | idihali | ا ِدّيها َلي |
| to me | -li | ـلي |
| to you(m) | -lak | ـلـَك |
| to you(f) | -lik | ـلـِك |
| to him/it(m) | -lu | ـلُ |
| to her/it(f) | -laha | ـلـَهاَ |
| to us | -lina | ـلـِناَ |
| to you(pl) | -luku | ـلـُكُ |
| to them | -luhum | ـلـُهـُم |
| Tense | English | Egyptian | |
| perfect | he wrote | hua katab | هـُوّ َ كـَتـَب |
| simple imperfect | he must write | hua lajm iktib | هـُوّ َ لا َز ِم يـِكتـِب |
| bi-imperfect | he writes | hua biktib (pron. biyi-) | هـُوّ َ بـِيـِكتـِب |
| ha-imperfect | he will write | hua hiktib (pron. hayi-) | هـُوّ َ هـَيـِكتـِب |
| Perfect | ||
| English | Pronoun | Verb |
| I wrote | Ana ktbt | أناَ كـَتـَبــت |
| you(m) wrote | Inta ktbt | إنتَ كـَتـَبــت |
| you(f) wrote | Inti ktbti | إنتِ كـَتـَبــتي |
| he/it(m) wrote | hua ktb | هـُوَّ كـَتـَب |
| she/it(f) wrote | hia ktbit | هـِيَ كـَتـَبـــِت |
| we wrote | IHna ktbna | إحناَ كـَتـَبــناَ |
| you(pl) wrote | Intua ktbtua (pron. -tu) |
إنتوا كـَتـَبــتوا |
| they wrote | huma ktbua (pron. -u) |
هـُمّاَ كـَتـَبــوا
|
Simple imperfect
| I must write | Ana lajm Aktib | أناَ لا َز ِم أكتـِب | The imperfect has no meaning on its own: it is used in four ways: with kan كا َن for things that happened in the past with modals like must-lajm, want to-oaij, could-mmkn, should-mfrud, might-imkn with bi-prefix for things happening now with ha-prefix for things that will happen |
| you(m) must write | Inta lajm tktib | إنتَ/تِ لا َز ِم تـِــكتـِب | |
| you(f) must write | Inti lajm tktibi | إنتَ/تِ لا َز ِم تـِــكتـِبـي | |
| he must write | hua lajm iktib | هـُوَّ لا َز ِم يـِــكتـِب | |
| she must write | hia lajm tktib | هـِيَ لا َز ِم تـِــكتـِب | |
| we must write | IHna lajm nktib | إحناَ لا َز ِم نـِــكتـِب | |
| you(pl)must write’ | Intua lajm tktibua | إنتوا لا َز ِم تـِــكتـِبــوا | |
| they must write | huma lajm iktibua | هـُمّاَ لا َز ِم يـِــكتـِبــوا |
b-imperfect
| I write | Ana baktib | أناَ بـَــكتـِب | For the majority of verbs, the b-imperfect is used to describe things happening now, and for habitual actions. |
simple imperfect, with a b- بـِ in front. you(m) write Inta btktibإنتَ بـِتـِــكتـِب you(f) write Inti btktibiإنتِ بـِتـِــكتـِبــي he/it(m) writes hu biktibهـُوَّ بـِيـِــكتـِب she/it(f) writes hi btktibهـِيَ بـِتـِــكتـِب we write IHna bnktibإحناَ بـِنـِــكتـِب you(pl) write Intua btktibuaإنتوا بـِتـِــكتـِبــوا they write huma biktibuaهـُمّاَ بـِيـِــكتـِبــوا
FUTURE or ha-imperfect
simple imperfect, with ha- هـَ in front (Ha- in Alexandria)
| I will write | Ana haktib | أناَهـَــكتـِب |
| you(m) will write | Inta hatiktib | إنتَهـَتـِــكتـِب |
| you(f) will write | Inti hatiktibi | إنتِهـَتـِــكتـِبــي |
| he/it(m) will write | hua haiiktib | هـُوَّهـَيـِــكتـِب |
| she/it(f) will write | hia hatiktib | هـِيَهـَتـِــكتـِب |
| we will write | IHna haniktib | إحناَهـَنـِــكتـِب |
| you(pl) will write | Intu hatiktibu | إنتواهـَتـِــكتـِبــوا |
| they will write | huma hayiktibu | هـُمّاَهـَيـِــكتـِبــوا |
haikun – will be
Ana hakun, IHna hankun, Inta hatkun, Inti hatkuni, Intu hatkunu
hua haikun, hia hatkun, huma haikunu
| the party will be good | alHafla hatkun kuaise | ا ِلحـَفلـَة هـَتكون كـُو َيـِسـَة |
| there will be a lot of wind tomorrow | haikun fi hauaAD ktir bukra | هـَيكون في هـَوا َء كـِتير بـُكر َة |
| I will be free at five | Ana hakun fadi isaAe xamse | أنا َ هـَكون فا َضي ا ِلسا َعـَة خـَمسـَة |
examples from www.lisaanmasry.com copyright © 2007-2012 Mike Green
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